Imiterere y'itanura/ifuru/ifuru ikoresha karuboni:
Ifuru ikoresha fibre ya karuboni igizwe ahanini n'umubiri w'itanura, sisitemu yo gushyushya, sisitemu yo kugenzura umwuka, igikoresho gikurura n'uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe.
Imiterere y'ibanze y'itanura/ishyiga/ifuru ikoreshwa mu gukaraba:
Umubiri w'itanura ni igice cy'inyuma cy'itanura rikoresha karuboni, muri rusange rikozwe mu byuma bitagira ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi rishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi n'imivuduko runaka. Umwanya wo gukingira ubushyuhe uzashyirwa imbere mu itanura. Ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gukingira ubushyuhe birimo ubwoya bwa fibre ya ceramic, bushobora kugabanya ubushyuhe. Ni nko gushyira ikoti rishyushye ku itanura, ridashobora kwemeza gusa ko ubushyuhe buri imbere mu itanura buhamye, ahubwo rinarinda ibibazo by'umutekano biterwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo hanze. Amatanura mato mato akoreshwa mu bushakashatsi afite ibice bito by'itanura kandi ubunini bw'igice cyo gukingira ubushyuhe bushobora kuba cm 5-10; mu gihe amatanura akoreshwa mu nganda nini afite ibice binini by'itanura kandi ubunini bw'igice cyo gukingira ubushyuhe bushobora kugera kuri cm zirenga 20.
Imiterere y'uburyo bwo gushyushya ifuru/itanura/ifuru:
Sisitemu yo gushyushya ni "umutima" w'itanura rikoresha karuboni, ritanga ubushyuhe bwo gukoresha karuboni. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gushyushya ni ugushyushya amashanyarazi no gushyushya gaze. Gushyushya amashanyarazi muri rusange bikoresha insinga zirwanya ubushyuhe, kandi insinga zirwanya ubushyuhe zitondetse neza imbere mu itanura. Mu itanura rito rikoresha karuboni muri laboratwari, gushyushya insinga zirwanya ubushyuhe birakunze kugaragara kuko bifite uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe neza. Gushyushya gaze bitanga ubushyuhe binyuze mu gutwika gaze karemano cyangwa gaze y'amakara. Amatanura manini yo mu nganda akoresha karuboni ahanini akoresha ubu buryo, bushobora gutanga ubushyuhe bwinshi vuba. Urugero, mu ruganda runini rukora fibre ya karuboni, itanura rikoresha karuboni rikoresha gaze rishobora gukoresha metero kibe nyinshi za gaze karemano ku isaha, bikazamura ubushyuhe mu itanura ku bushyuhe bwinshi bukenewe kugira ngo karuboni ikoreshe.
Uburyo bwo kugenzura gazi mu itanura/itanura/ifuru:
Sisitemu yo kugenzura gazi ifite inshingano zo kwinjiza gazi irinda mu itanura no kugabanya imyanda. Gazi irinda ubusanzwe ni azote cyangwa argon, ishobora kubuza fibre kwiyunga mu gihe cyo gushyiramo karuboni. Mbere yuko itanura ritangira gukoresha karuboni, azote nyinshi zishyirwa mu itanura kugira ngo zisuke umwuka kandi zikore ahantu hadakora. Sisitemu yo gushyiramo imyanda igomba guhita isohora imyuka mibi ikomoka mu gihe cyo gushyiramo karuboni, nka monoxyde de carbone na dioxyde de carbone. Mu turere tumwe na tumwe dufite ibisabwa byinshi byo kurengera ibidukikije, sisitemu yo gushyiramo imyanda mu itanura rishyiramo karuboni izaba ifite igikoresho cyo gusukura kugira ngo ivure iyo myuka mbere yo kuyisohora.
Igikoresho cyo gukurura ifuru/itanura/ifuru gikoresha karuboni:
Igikoresho gikurura gikoreshwa mu gutuma ibintu bya fibre bigenda ku muvuduko umwe mu itanura kugira ngo habeho carbonization imwe. Kigizwe na moteri, umukandara wo kohereza ibintu n'umuzingo uyobora. Moteri iyobora umukandara wo kohereza ibintu kugira ngo uzunguruke, naho umukandara wo kohereza ibintu uyobora umuzingo kugira ngo uzunguruke, hanyuma fibre ishyirwa hagati y'umukandara wo kohereza ibintu n'umuzingo uyobora ibintu hanyuma igakomeza imbere. Mu musaruro nyawo, umuvuduko wo kohereza ibintu ugomba guhindurwa hakurikijwe ubwoko bwa fibre n'uburyo bwo kohereza ibintu muri fibre. Urugero, iyo ukora fibre ya karuboni ikora neza, umuvuduko wo kohereza ibintu ushobora kugenzurwa kuri metero nke ku munota; mu gihe iyo ukora fibre isanzwe ya karuboni, umuvuduko ushobora kuba wihuta, ukagera kuri metero zirenga icumi ku munota.
Uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'itanura/ifuru/ifuru:
Sisitemu yo kugenzura ubushyuhe ni ingenzi mu kwemeza ubuziranenge bwa karuboni. Irimo ibikoresho bipima ubushyuhe, ibikoresho bigenzura ubushyuhe n'ibikoresho byo guhindura ubushyuhe. Ibipimo by'ubushyuhe bikwirakwizwa mu myanya itandukanye y'umubiri w'itanura kugira ngo bigenzure ubushyuhe mu itanura mu gihe nyacyo. Ibipimo bigereranya ubushyuhe nyabwo butangwa na senseri hakurikijwe umurongo w'ubushyuhe washyizweho, hanyuma bigagenzura igikoresho gipima ubushyuhe kugira ngo gihindure imbaraga zo gushyushya. Urugero, iyo senseri ibonye ko ubushyuhe mu itanura buri hasi y'agaciro kagenwe, umugenzuzi azategeka sisitemu yo gushyushya kongera ingufu; iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane, ingufu zizagabanuka. Mu gihe cyo guhindura karuboni, umurongo w'ubushyuhe ugenwa binyuze mu bizamini bisubirwamo. Ibisabwa ku bushyuhe mu byiciro bitandukanye biratandukanye. Ubushyuhe bugomba kuzamurwa vuba mu cyiciro cya mbere, ubushyuhe bugomba kuba buhamye mu cyiciro cyo hagati cyo gushyushya, kandi umuvuduko wo gukonjesha nawo ugomba kugenzurwa mu cyiciro cya nyuma.
Imiterere y'urugi rw'itanura/ifuru/ifuru ikoreshwa mu gukaranga karuboni:
Urugi rw'itanura rugomba gufungwa neza kugira ngo hirindwe ko ubushyuhe n'umwuka byinjira. Urugi rw'itanura muri rusange rukoresha imiterere ibiri, urwego rw'imbere ni ibikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, naho urwego rw'inyuma rukozwe mu cyuma kitagira umugozi. Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gufunga urugi rw'itanura. Uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa ni ugufunga impeta ya rubber. Impeta ya rubber irinda ubushyuhe bwinshi ishyirwa ku nkengero z'urugi rw'itanura, ishobora gukwira neza ku mubiri w'itanura iyo urugi rufunze. Amatanura amwe manini akoresha carbonization anakoresha ibikoresho byo gufunga hydraulic kugira ngo akande urugi rw'itanura neza binyuze muri sisitemu ya hydraulic, ifite ingaruka nziza zo gufunga. Nyuma yo gufungura urugi rw'itanura kugira ngo winjiremo ibikoresho buri gihe, reba niba impeta yo gufunga yuzuye kandi niba yangiritse cyangwa yarashaje.
Imiterere ya sisitemu yo gukonjesha itanura/itanura/ifuru:
Ubushyuhe bwa fibre ya karuboni nyuma yo gukaraba ni bwinshi cyane, kandi hakenewe sisitemu yo gukonjesha kugira ngo ikonje. Hari uburyo bubiri bwo gukonjesha: gukonjesha umwuka n'ugukonjesha amazi. Gukonjesha umwuka ni uguhuha umwuka ujya mu itanura unyuze mu mufana kugira ngo ukureho ubushyuhe bwa fibre ya karuboni. Ubu buryo bworoshye, ariko umuvuduko wo gukonjesha ni muto cyane. Gukonjesha amazi ni ugushyira ikigega gikonjesha amazi aho itanura risohokera, maze fibre ya karuboni ikazakonja vuba iyo inyuze mu kigega gikonjesha amazi. Mu musaruro munini, gukonjesha amazi ni byo bikunze gukoreshwa, bishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwa fibre ya karuboni kuva kuri dogere selisiyusi amagana kugeza ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba. Urugero, mu kigo gikora fibre ya karuboni, ubushyuhe bw'amazi mu kigega gikonjesha amazi buzakomeza kuba kuri dogere selisiyusi 20-30, kandi ubushyuhe buzakomeza gukurwaho n'amazi atembera.
Imiterere y'inyongera y'itanura/ifuru/ifuru ikoreshwa mu gukaranga karuboni:
Imiterere y’inkunga y’itanura rikoresha karuboni igomba kuba ihamye kandi ishobora kwihanganira uburemere bw’umubiri w’itanura n’ibikoresho by’imbere. Imiterere y’inkunga muri rusange ikoreshwa mu bice by’icyuma, nk’ibice binini by’icyuma bifite ishusho ya H, bifite imiterere y’imbaraga nyinshi n’ubudahangarwa bwiza. Mu gushyiraho itanura rikoresha karuboni/ifuru, imiterere y’inkunga igomba gushyirwa ku butaka bugororotse kandi hagakorwa igenzura ritambitse kugira ngo umubiri w’itanura ube uringaniye. Niba imiterere y’inkunga idahamye kandi umubiri w’itanura ukaba uhengamye, bizagira ingaruka ku igenda ry’umunyururu mu itanura ndetse n’ingaruka za karuboni.
Ingingo z'ingenzi zo kubaka urwego rw'ubushyuhe:
Ubwiza bw'inyubako y'urwego rwo gukingira bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku ikoreshwa ry'ingufu z'itanura rikoresha karuboni. Mu gushyira ibikoresho byo gukingira ikirere nk'ubwoya bwa fibre ya ceramic, witondere kubyuzuza neza nta cyuho. Ku mfuruka zimwe na zimwe no ku ngingo, kole yihariye irinda ubushyuhe bwinshi igomba gukoreshwa mu gufunga. Mu bwubatsi nyabwo, abakozi babanza gushyira urwego rwa aluminiyumu rugaragaza urumuri imbere mu itanura, hanyuma bakaruzuzamo ibikoresho byo gukingira ikirere, bishobora kunoza imikorere y'insinga. Inganda zimwe na zimwe zipfunyika urwego rw'insinga hanze y'urwego rwo gukingira ikirere kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibikoresho byo gukingira ikirere bigwa.
Ibikoresho byo kurinda umutekano:
Ifuru/ifuru/ifuru ikoresha carbonization ifite ibikoresho bitandukanye byo kurinda umutekano. Ifuru ikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi izavuza inzogera kandi igahagarika umuriro ushyushya iyo ubushyuhe bwo mu itanura burenze agaciro k’umutekano kagenwe. Ifuru irinda umuvuduko ishobora gukurikirana umuvuduko wo mu itanura hanyuma igafungura imashini igabanya umuvuduko iyo umuvuduko urenze urugero. Hariho kandi igikoresho cyo kumenya imyanda iva mu gazi. Iyo imyuka irinda cyangwa imyuka isohora umwuka ibonetse, izahita itangaza kandi itangire uburyo bwo guhumeka. Mu iduka rikorerwamo, ibi bikoresho byo kurinda umutekano ni nk' "abarinzi b'indahemuka", bahora birengera umutekano w'ibikoresho n'abakozi.
Guhuza n'ibindi bikoresho:
Ifuru/ifuru/ifuru ikoreshwa mu gutunganya fibre ya karuboni ntikora ku giti cyayo, ahubwo igomba guhuzwa n'ibikoresho byo gutunganya fibre imbere n'ibikoresho byo gutunganya fibre ya karuboni inyuma. Mbere yuko fibre yinjira mu itanura rikoreshwa mu gutunganya fibre, igomba kunyura mu nzira zo gutunganya fibre nko gushushanya no gushyiramo ogisijeni mbere; nyuma yo gutunganya fibre, igomba kunyura mu nzira zo gutunganya fibre nko gutunganya ubuso no gupima ingano. Kubwibyo, mu gihe cyo gushushanya furu ikoreshwa mu gutunganya fibre ya karuboni, hagomba kwitabwaho uburyo bwo guhuza ibi bikoresho. Urugero, umuvuduko wo gukurura fibre ya karuboni ugomba kuba ujyanye n'umuvuduko wo gusohora fibre mbere yo gutunganya fibre kugira ngo habeho uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora.
